Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example The author argues that global success of various products and brands despite the vast cultural differences among the countries are the proof that the markets are getting more integrated. It mainly speaks about the need of having the products exposed to global markets. Richard E. Caves, 1980. Industrial Organization, Corporate Strategy and Structure. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1), pp. 64-92. The above resource is a great contributor to the area of strategic management. The study mainly focused on the impact of a strategic choice on company’s behaviour and performance on the markets. Toder, Eric J., Cardell, Nicholas Scott., Burton, Ellen, 1978. Trade Policy and the U.S. Automobile Industry. United States: Praeger. The above book focuses mainly on the importance of scale of operations. It makes a comparison between U.S. and Japanese automobile industry. It clearly describes how in the 1970’s U.S. automobile industry suffered due to low scale of operation. Chapter 17 Brian, Arthur, 1996. Increasing Returns and the New World of Business. Harvard Business Review. July/Aug 1996. p. 2-10. This is an article that examines the theories laid out by Alfred Marshall and other fellow economists. This article makes a contrast between the diminishing returns concept passed on by the economists and increasing returns concept of the present century. The author says that the concept of diminishing returns is valid only in a bulk processing economy of Marshall’s age. He says that in today’s world of technology driven business, the concept that will determines success is ‘increasing returns.’ Chapter 18 Yip, George, 2000. Global Strategy in the Twenty-First Century. United States: Prentice Hall. The author stresses on the importance of companies to go global. The chapter begins by saying that in the 1980’s globalizing the business was a matter of debate and discussion. But when it came to 21st century companies restrain from globalizing only if they have valid reason for doing so. The author says that today’s multinational companies can be classified as internationalist, federalist and global maximizer. The main theme of the article is that companies should become as global as possible and at the same time should localise their products to be successful globally. This article is one of the greatest contributions to the field of globalization. Internal strengths of Motorola Brand Image: The first and foremost strength of Motorola is that it is one of the best brands in the world. Motorola is a brand that is being recognized for reputation, quality and innovation. Motorola is one of the largest used gadgets in most developed countries though it is just an establishing brand in developing countries. Pioneer of Technology: The second major strength of Motorola is that it is the pioneer in various technologies in the telecommunication industry. It was Motorola which introduced the world’s first hand held cellular phone. Motorola was the first company to introduce push-to-talk system in a mobile phone. The company’s latest innovation is the digital high definition television. Product range: The next major strength of Motorola is its wide product range. Apart from wireless handsets, Motorola is also a competing player in wireless accessories, digital entertainment application, voice and data communication systems, wireless access systems and enterprise mobility

Discuss, with relevant examples, the different levels of income and Essay

Discuss, with relevant examples, the different levels of income and expenditure that a typical UK individual is likely to ex - Essay Example Its quality of education is high and the literacy levels are among the highest in the world. Its learning institutions, especially the universities, rank highly in global ratings. The income levels in the United Kingdom are above the global average (Cordner, Das, and Cordner, 2010, p. 76). A typical UK citizen is thus destined to experience many levels of income and expenditures due to the nation’s diverse nature. Income The average household net-adjusted disposable income on the global scale is $22,387 per year. United Kingdom’s average citizen outdoes this and has an average annual income of $26,552. This is according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD) survey carried out in 2010. The UK also has an average household wealth of $59,923 according to the OECD survey. This also is above the average household wealth of $36,238 for OECD members. The debt level though was $73,039 in 2010 according to a national financial education charity cal led Credit Action. This includes all debts mortgage and credit card debt. Also, the OECD estimates that the income for the top 20 per cent of earners is $55,138 per year. This greatly contrasts with the bottom 20 per percent of earners who earn $9,556 annually. The income bracket age with the highest earnings is from thirty five to forty nine years. The lowest earning age bracket is from fifteen to nineteen years (Clark, 2007, p. 88). The professional and managerial jobs earn the highest incomes. In contrast, elementary jobs earn the least incomes across the board. Of the total working population, 7 per cent have contracts lasting six months or less. 75 per cent of the men and 65 per cent of the women have jobs in this diverse economy. With more than 70 per cent of the working age bracket employed, this is a fairly good condition compared to other nations. It means that few people are below the poverty line and the living conditions are quite luxurious. Although there exists a big g ap between the high and low income earners, access to basic needs is almost assured for all levels of income. This has ensured a relatively stable economy. Expenditure Taxation Since all governments the world over depend on taxation in funding public projects to avail social amenities to their citizens, great interest is generated by this subject (Black, 2010, p. 89). The United Kingdom, being no exception, has an elaborate taxation scheme to see to the availability of public goods among them roads, hospitals and educational facilities. The typical UK citizen has a number of taxes they pay during their lifetime. A few of the taxes are personal taxes, business taxes and sales taxes. All these taxes serve the sole purpose of contributing to the national basket. Personal taxes, among them income tax, council and inheritance taxes, are directly levied to each citizen. Income taxes to a typical United Kingdom citizen include taxes levied on salaries, bonuses, commissions and overseas all owances. The basic income rate, covering incomes from 0.00 British pounds to 35,000 British pounds, charged 20 per cent income tax (Becker, 2009, p. 45). The next higher tax bracket, covering incomes from 35,001 British pounds to 150,000 British pound