Successful Marketing Requires Identifying, Analysing, And...

Successful marketing requires identifying, analysing, and understanding individuals of a target market, and then catering to them through specialized advertising and promotion methods. Fayemelle’s target audience are people aspiring to live a healthier lifestyle, without depriving themselves of delicious indulgences such as cupcakes. These people are very health cautious, however, they are not afraid to have cheat days, or find ways to make the foods they love more healthy and enjoyable. While ‘health-cautious’ people may be a broad choice for a target audience, it is also a market that can easily be segmented for more effective marketing efforts. For example, while as a company, Fayemelle’s would prefer to profit from all demographics groups, they have have chosen one group that it feels will benefit most from the services offered through Fayemelle’s products. The ideal age for an individual Fayemelle’s markets towards is around 25-50 years old, as this age group is typically more concerned with the condition of their health as they age. In addition, one is able to stretch the criteria of a health-cautious even more by establishing the types of foods they like to eat. Common choices are fat-free, organic, gluten-free, or low carbs. Fayemelle’s is able to incorporate the needs and wants of this demographic through its Ditch the Sweets Cupcakes. In addition to the cupcakes’ low sugar, Fayemelle’s also offers a flour-free variety to appeal to those wishing to eatShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Headhunter?1445 Words   |  6 Pagescorporation or individual that provides employment recruiting services. 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The Market Process is broken down intoRead MoreThe Cook Indi s World Buffet1865 Words   |  8 Pagesof prices from  £5.99 to  £12.99. The Cook 7 Indi also offers a fairly priced drinks menu that also can be refilled for the price paid for the first drink bought. The Cook Indi provides a good variety of food and drinks to families, groups and individuals with an effective cost for their customers. The restaurant offers a wide range of different dishes almost over a 100 dishes in a buffett that is including dishes like pizza, salad, noodles, pastas, and other more dishes from 7 different types ofRead MoreEssay on Gap Analysis for Hilton Hotel3045 Words   |  13 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 2 1. Marketing objectives of the research 2 2. Information require to fulfil the marketing objectives 3 3. 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Module Feedback from Previous Students 13 General General guidance andRead MoreLimitations for Sme Internationalisation5917 Words   |  24 Pagesin multiple modes of market entry (joint ventures, licensing, etc.). This paper reports on findings from a survey of UK SMEs, investigating managers’ perceptions of barriers towards internationalizing and support required to overcome those same barriers. Analysis of survey data and subsequent findings from interviews indicate that differences exist between two groups of firms, that is, those that employ an export strategy compared with those that employ multiple modes of market entry in respect ofRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Pest Analysis3013 Words   |  13 Pagesdeveloping strategy to achieve its goals. Organisations use SWOT analysis as a useful technique to understand their strengths and weaknesses, and also for identifying both opportunities open to them and the threats they face. When this strategy is used in a business context it could have a big impact, it helps them carve a sustainable niche in the market that they operate. When used in a personal context it helps a person develop in the career they chose to their best advantage of their talents, abilitiesRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Emirates Group3084 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Emirates Group is one of the fastest growing airlines and the market leader in the Middle East. In recent years they have mainly focused on network expansion which may have compromised the attention that needs to be given to maintaining its high standards of customer service. Emirates as an airline first launched its services in 1985, with just 02 aircrafts and 02 destinations. The airline has gone through major transformations and partnerships and has grown its fleet and network.Read MoreEssay on Marketing Plan for Blockbuster Enrertainment3581 Words   |  15 PagesMARKETING PLAN FOR BLOCKBUSTER ENRERTAINMENT COURSE: BA2, GROUP C. GROUP MEMBERS: * SAMI ELIAS KIBUTA (L0796AAAA00211) * MOHAMMED ABUL KAISAR (L0798MHMHO211) * FATMA ABDULRAHMAN MOHAMMED (L0809LMLM0211) * NISANTHINI SIVASELVAM (L0818KDKD0211) MODULE: MARKETING MANAGEMENT LECTURER: LUISE HUNT Table of Contents I. MARKETING PLAN SUMMARY 4 II. GENERAL COMPANY DESCRIPTION 4 III. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT AND SWOT ANALYSIS 5 IV. SMART objectives: 6 V. STP STRATEGIESRead MoreSample Letter Btec Level 4 Hnc Business10004 Words   |  41 PagesAssignment Name: Unit 4 Marketing PLEASE NOTE: YOU SHOULD INCLUDE THIS INFORMATION with EVERY ASSIGNMENT. 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The Importance Of Governance And Value Chain - 1493 Words

Introduction IT governance is a way that organizations establish a structure for decision making, how they describe the leadership and establish who will be accountable for the IT work that needs to be done. IT governance needs to start at the top and every other level in the organization need to participate for it to be successful. Governance is especially important within IT because it helps them to better understand the requirements and strategies of the business. IT is then in a better position to mitigate IT risks which in turn make them more of a value to the business than just an expense. IT Governance and Value Chain IT governance can be defined in many ways, but Weil (2004) best defines it as â€Å"specifying the framework for†¦show more content†¦Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) fits IT service delivery because it is split into two generic standards which are service delivery and support. Implementing Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a challenging undertaking for information technology (IT) departments. ITIL requires orientations toward the customers’ needs, services, and organizational processes, which more technically oriented IT departments may find challenging. They go on to explain ITIL by letting us know that it consists of 25 processes, covering almost every task in IT operations, which must be analyzed and redesigned during an ITIL implementation, and consequently, ITIL will affect almost every member of the staff and lead to the rearranging of work practices and worker roles. (Iden, Eikebrokk, 201 4, p. 292) IS role in support of the value chain There has been a long need for IS governance within organizations. Information security governance is important to organizations because they have a real need to change their views on IT functions and not just consider them to be solely technical issues. There are four value streams in the IT value chain that the IS role supports. Those four steams are as follows: the strategy to portfolio, the requirement to deploy, the request to fulfill and detect to correct. These four value streams are at the center of the service model. They work together and play a vital role then it comes to the support or the supply chain.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Global Supply Chain Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal supply chain remains a highly contested theme and there have been many attempts to define the real winner and competition of market power in the literature. The participant network varies in size and scope, depending on the products involved, geographic dispersion of supply and demand, and customer service requirements. Martin Christopher (2011: 15) states that within global supply chains the real competition is not company against company but rather, supply chains against supply chains. 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Recent changes in the field of public administration include E-governmental and technological change and globalizationRead MoreThe Strengths And Weaknesses Of Mainstream Supply Chain Management1569 Words   |  7 Pages‘With the help of critical analytical frameworks to GSCs analyse the strengths and weaknesses of mainstream supply chain management’ BUS 326 – Coursework Introduction During the past decades many academics strived to conceptualise a framework that explain what a global supply chain is and how it is managed. GSC is an old phenomenon as it derives from colonialism, where European countries threatened weaker populations in Asia and Africa taking advantage of their resources, but it strongly developedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ford s Value Chain Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesValue chain analysis Ford understands its value chain and regularly monitors and analyzes it as part of its â€Å"materiality analysis† (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). The value chain provides for Ford a road map for the identification of key impacts, stakeholders, stages of importance, and the value created which have a multinational effect impacting social, economic, and environmental factors (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). First is the Ford product planning and design stage of the valueRead MoreMng301 Strategic Management Possible Questions1462 Words   |  6 Pages(2) Chapter 2: 1. What is meant by corporate governance and what does it deal with? (2) 2. The King11 report identified seven characteristics of good corporate governance. Name them (7) 3. From a governance point of view an organization’s Board of Directors has a number of responsibilities. Name five of these responsibilities (5) 4. What is meant by the following terms from a corporate governance perspective: †¢ Risk management (1) Read MoreHow The Current United State Firms Are Competing With The Rest Of The World1046 Words   |  5 Pagesa company, is to establish and develop business-critical. The key to successful management is to study the market environment, and create business growth potential and offer financial viability of employment and profit opportunities. Despite the importance of the management of this area it is often misunderstood and poorly enforced, mainly because people concentrate output, rather than the management process. Towards the late 1980s, business managers become focused on improving product quality, and

How We Ended free essay sample

The lounge is blaringly quiet. I’m sitting on one of the tables, my knees tucked tightly to my body, waiting for him to arrive. I glance at my phone, checking the time. It flashes 3:39, ten minutes past when I asked him to meet me here. I yawn, desperately needing sleep. It’s two weeks before the end of the school year, and I’m too tired to deal with him, but I continue waiting. I frown at my surroundings, the room I’ve grown so familiar with. The chairs are scattered around the room, removed from their original places. The pale yellow walls are dimly lit under one set of lights and the paleness of the moon. The darkness seeps around me, pulling my mind into a hazy sleep. When I hear the click of the door, I jump. His jaw locks as he offers an empty hello. My heart continues thumping, racing against the thoughts in my head. All I can manage is to say hi back, waiting for him to loosen up. When he doesn’t, I look up into his eyes. â€Å"What do you want?† he asks. â€Å"I want you to talk to me. Yell at me. I don’t care, just talk to me.† I feel the tears welling up in my eyes, so I quickly dart my focus to the floor. â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† he snaps, â€Å"I’m so done.† â€Å"Please, just tell me what happened? I can try to explain, to fix this.† I plead with him, but he remains cold, rigid. â€Å"Right. Like you always do.† His voice rises, echoing through the empty room. â€Å"You’ll come up with some great excuse about why you ignore my texts. Blame everything on someone else, because you think I’ll never find out about it. Kate told me these things. She brought them up, not me. How is it that you two have completely different stories on everything?† He stares straight at me and shakes his head. â€Å"I’m done, Renee.† â€Å"So you just assume anything she says is true over me? I’m supposed to be your best friend!† â€Å"I don’t care anymore,† he sighs, â€Å"I’m just done. You’re a liar.† He turns on his heels and leaves the lounge, allowing the bright light from the hallway to flood in. I feel numb thinking about everything he said, about all the moment’s he’s repeated the phrase â€Å"I’m done.† Mid-September, Casino Night takes over the basement lounge of our building. Weary smiles and anxious eyes flood the room, checking out the competition not only for the night, but for the larger game of Assassins taking place. We were graciously granted an â€Å"amnesty day†, finally being able to relax. In the front edge of the room, a giant banner hangs across the wall, decorated with thousands of playing cards and poker chips. Around the room, each table hosts a different game, from poker to roulette, black jack to bridge. I wander for a few moments, checking out each table before making eye contact with one of the RAs. Ryan smiles, and then quickly runs over to talk to me. â€Å"There you are,† he laughs, â€Å"have you decided to talk to me yet?† â€Å"We are talking,† I smile. â€Å"You know what I mean,† he lowers his eyebrows and stares at me, â€Å"I could help you.† â€Å"I’ve got all the help I need, Ryan. And I know you’re rooting for Chance, why would I trust you?† As we chat about the game of Assassins, an unfamiliar face joins us. I’m drawn to his smirk; he seems not to care about the surrounding event. He stands comfortably in jeans and a black t-shirt, with the words â€Å"LIAR (It takes one to know one)† etched across the front. I smile when I realize it’s a shirt of one of my favorite bands. His dark black hair hangs across his forehead, falling across his eyebrows in a slant. I laugh, thinking that if anyone else had his hair, it would look ridiculous, but his tan skin works well against the solid black fluff. Square-framed Oakley’s trace the outline of his eyes, the rims tucked neatly beneath his shaggy hair. He chats quietly with Ryan for a few seconds and then looks at me. â€Å"So you’re Renee,† he begins, â€Å"I’ve heard a lot about you.† â€Å"Oh?† I question, biting my lip. â€Å"Yeah,† he laughs, â€Å"I’d say I’m just checking out the competition, but you really aren’t any.† My eyebrows furrow, and I look up to see him chuckling. â€Å"I’m sorry, who are you?† I snap. With a final smirk, he turns around and returns to his friends without introducing himself. I turn to Ryan, asking about the mysterious boy. Ryan laughs and then tells me his name. Later, he gives me one final piece of advice: â€Å"Don’t trust him though, he’s a liar.† By November, I’ve grown accustomed to him staking claim on my room. We spend hours talking about different bands that we’ve seen live, comparing our wish lists, and sharing new music. We listen to each other talk, learning about who we were before we came to college, taking comfort in the presence of each other’s company. On many occasions, he dances around the room, jumping from one foot to another, wrapping himself up in my blankets until he trips over his own two feet and falls into a pile on the floor. I laugh uncontrollably, familiar with this charade, until one day, he decides to pull me down onto to ground, trapping me beneath him. I breathe in nervously. His eyes linger above me, and he taps his fingers against the crook of my elbow. â€Å"You know, I’m not going anywhere,† he whispers. â€Å"I know,† I smile. â€Å"You’re the best thing that’s happened to me here,† he smiles back, and then pauses. â€Å"I don’t know what I would do without you.† His eyes scan mine. Slowly, he lowers his head, leaving a gentle, patient kiss on my forehead. I begin to stutter, trying to say something, anything, when a pillow hits me in the face. I look up at him, recognizing his dorky smile. By December, we have a routine. He finds me in the mornings, when everyone else has already gone to breakfast and forgotten to invite me; he shows up at my door at midnight, when we’re both too anxious to sleep, too consumed by our own thoughts. When my roommate demands peace, we move to the lounge. At four am, everything comes pouring out of us: words we’re too afraid to tell anyone else, the nagging thoughts that keep us awake at night, the relationships we both left behind, and the desperate need to feel wanted again. There’s no filter between us, no need to hide our vulnerability. I once heard someone say that the only person who can stand alone is the one who has come to accept the truth about their self, and that we as human beings disguise the emptiness we feel with friendship. When I realize I’ve allowed him to become the most important person in my life, I shove the thoughts down, as deep as they can go, ignoring that what we have isn’t a normal friendship, and that perhaps I rely on him because I can’t be alone. I was quick to accept his company, quick to need him in my life. I laugh when my friends ask if we’re dating, or why we aren’t. â€Å"It’s not like that,† I reply, â€Å"we’re just friends.† But in the back of my mind, I know that I’m lying. There’s no denying how much he reminds me of my relationship that just ended, no denying how much I treat him like he’s something more. When he brings up Christmas break, I try desperately to change the subject. He promises that we’ll Skype all the time, and although I know he means well, as we spent every night of Thanksgiving Break chatting until sunrise, there’s an anxious, achy feeling rooted deep in my stomach, telling me it won’t last this time. So I cling to our final weeks together, hoping they can last me through our month apart. After hours of mindless conversation, he asks if he can use my computer to check his score on an exam. I hand over my laptop, and then run to the bathroom. When I come back, he’s staring at the screen. â€Å"How’d you do?† I ask, smiling at him. â€Å"I don’t want to talk about it,† he replies. â€Å"Oh,† I frown, â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"Yeah,† he adds. I wait for a few moments, not sure what to say. Finally, I try, â€Å"It’ll be okay.† In a matter of moments, he explodes into a rant about how terrible his life is. He rages for what seems like an hour, tearing himself apart. â€Å"I might as well drop out now,† he finishes. â€Å"You can’t,† I plead, â€Å"It’ll be okay. You’ll make it up on your final.† â€Å"No, I’m just going to drop out,† he finishes. I try to convince him that he’s thinking irrationally, that one bad grade won’t ruin his college career, but he continues fueling the fire, shouting about how he’s not going to come back after the end of the semester. I finally ask him to remember all that he has in his current life, all the good things he’d be missing out on. â€Å"None of it matters,† he screams, throwing his empty soda bottle. â€Å"None of it?† I question. â€Å"Nothing that I’d miss. I don’t care anymore,† he continues. â€Å"Nothing, not one thing?† I hint. He stares at me, not understanding. â€Å"Not me?† I finally blurt out. He looks up, catching my gaze. His eyes lock on mine, and the words calmly empty from his lips. â€Å"Not even you. You never mattered.† I stare at him, trying to process his words. At first, it’s foggy, like there’s a giant wall blocking the words from reaching my brain, trying to protect me from whatever he said, but then the wall crashes into me, throwing the words around with even more weight. I feel the sweat trickling down my palms, my heart pumping against my chest beating faster, faster, faster. It infects me like a virus, rushing through my blood, pulling on my nerves, plucking them with all their might, infecting each and every cell in my body. â€Å"Get out.† I scream. â€Å"Now.† I move closer to him, my fist shaking. I feel the words coming up before I even think to say them. They erupt into the room, angry and broken. â€Å"Everything you’ve ever said to me is a lie.† As I watch the sunrise, I realize how long I’ve been sitting in the lounge, half expecting him to come back and apologize. But in the bitter hours that he doesn’t, I begin to think about our friendship, and how none of it seemed to matter to him anymore. In attempt to save us from destruction, I think of all the things I can do to earn his forgiveness. It doesn’t matter in the end, though; he shuts me out for a week, not even acknowledging my presence when we see each other in public, and instead of trying, I let whatever we had slip away. A few hours before my last final, his text arrives. I’m sitting in the lounge, headphones in my ears, blasting music to drown out my thoughts, pretending to study. I realize that, in spite of his absence, I’ve had to come to terms with my own flaws. I’m forced to question why he was the most important person in my life, and why I’m not. I’m forced to accept that I need him because I’m afraid of being alone, that in the quietness of his absence, my mind wanders to all of the things I don’t like about myself. So when asks if we can meet up, to talk things out and go back to how we used to be, I know I have to answer him. I tell myself that, in his absence, I’m going to change all of those things, and I’m going to make myself a priority in my own life. â€Å"Sorry,† I type, â€Å"I’ve already left.† It’s another white lie, causing the end of our friendship. I decide that habit will be the first to go.

Government Role in Managing Short run Instability in the Economy

Question: Write an report onGovernment should play active role in managing short run instability in the economy caused by unemployment and inflation problems. Answer: In the long run, we all are dead said John Maynard Keynes. The basic assumption behind the same was the fact that it is the short run stability in the economy achieved through fiscal tools (i.e. taxation and government spending) that matters rather than thinking about the long term effects of such measures. According to several economists including Keynes, in the long term every parameter/indicator (namely labour and capital) changes because of the changes in technology, the scientific temper and the desire to make the world a better place to live in. Further, the economy of any country is lead by its people or households, who are dynamic in nature with each one behaving in a different manner to the same problem in front of them. The economy is a product of all decisions undertaken by each household. Thus, it becomes really difficult to understand the exact impact of the measure. In the current context, it is short term stability (reducing unemployment and inflation) which the government looks to achieve through the use of fiscal policy. In a country like India, where the government has the power to control instability (long run or short run), the correct use of fiscal tool can go a long way in achieving short term stability. Thus, leading to the economic growth of the countrys in long run. Just as a proverb goes A rupee saved in a day can provide you saving of 365 rupees in a year. In the same manner, achieving short term stability can go a long way in achieving long run stability in the economy. In short run, households prefer to have economic stability with continuous employment and stable incomes. This allows them to undertake major investment decisions in the future by foregoing the current consumption. In one word, people understand and appreciate the opportunity cost of foregone consumption for a better living in the future. In short, if we maintain strong and stable macroeconomic fundamentals, it can go a long way to contribute towards economic growth and welfare. The logic for the above arguments is simple. Economic stability over a period of time increases the confidence of its people in its governments actions and policies. This in turn leads to increase in savings of the people due to stable income over a period of time. Once the savings increases, it gets invested by the households or by the banks for generating economic activity. With the generation of economic activity, there is increase in production of goods and increase in employment. This increase in employment provides people with wages, which are in turn spent on purchase of goods and services. Thus the economic cycle keeps moving, finally leading to economic growth and welfare. In this smooth running economic cycle, there creeps in the problem of economic instability. The problem of economic instability arises because of multiple factors affecting the demand and supply of goods in the economy. According to the classical economists, the instability in the economy arises due to the dynamic behaviour of each household towards its consumption and investment decisions. These individual decisions combined for an economy produce a collective demand and supply of goods and services, which is unstable in nature. For Example, person A and person B draw salary of 30,000 per month but person A chooses to save the amount for future consumption but person B chooses to spend the same for buying a motorcycle. Person A salary does not contribute to the economic cycle at present but person B salary helps the cycle to move. In short, every person acts according to their own needs and circumstances, which might not contribute to the economic cycle as mentioned above. This is t he sole reason for economic instability arising in the economy. The Classical Economists where the one who thought that economic instability is a regular phenomenon and should be left upon the natural forces to correct them. But we all are aware of the Great Depression of 1930s and the government seemed to be helpless. It was during this time that the economist realised that they had missed out on the basic fundamental of the economy. This was the time when the concept of macroeconomics came to light bringing along with it new theories and possibilities. In the later years, Keynes introduced us to the concept of Business Cycles. The Business cycle of boom, constant, recession and depression where thought of to be a natural phenomena, something that can be predicted. To everyones dismay the economic crisis seems to surpass all predictions. The US subprime lending crisis and the very recent Euro Crisis stand as testimony to the statements mentioned above. There is a general consensus among all economists including Keynes that a mild instability in the economy caused primarily due to inflation (not more than 5% on year-on-year basis) is good and depicts the healthy state of the economy. But Keynes on the other end advocated on the use of appropriate tools of macroeconomic policy to cure the instability in the economy. Every economy has a monetary and fiscal policy to control the macroeconomic instability in short run or long run. We have seen that the monetary policies where ineffective to lift the economy out of depression in 1930 and during the post World War II. Thus, Keynes along with several other economists was of the view that fiscal policy shall be used for correcting the economic instability. In India, the fiscal policy of the government mainly consists of taxation and public spending as tools for controlling any instability in the economy. The economic instability is mainly caused due to two factors: unemployment and inflation. The second term i.e. inflation or price instability is something the government seems more concerned because inflation leads to increase in prices of goods and services. Once there is rise in price, the real value of money decreases. The household in the economy turn bearish and stop buying the goods and services. This leads to reduction in production of goods which affects the economic growth of the country. Inflation can be reduced by controlling the growth of aggregate demand or giving a boost to the growth of aggregate supply. In other words, for bringing the economy from the state of instability to stability we need to control aggregate demand or aggregate supply component through proper fiscal policies. It can either choose to use the tool of contractionary fiscal policy or expansionary fiscal policy. Fiscal policies generally work through changes in the aggregate demand for goods and services as the effect is fast and effective. A fiscal expansion (increase in government spending through tax cut or increase public spending) leads to an increase in the aggregate demand for goods and services. An increased spending by the government leads to increase in disposable income for households (increased transfer payments or increased casual employment), thus leading to purchase of goods and services increasing aggregate demand. In a similar manner, if there has been a tax cut, the same shal l lead to increase in disposable income in the hands of the salaried individuals, thus increasing the spending or consumption, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. The importance of fiscal policy in bringing stability to the economy has also been recognised because of its ability to affect the amount of total output produced i.e. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Contrary to the discussion made above, that fiscal policies affect the aggregate demand component and now we say that they affect the supply side of the economy. A closer look at the way in which the fiscal policy works would actually help us understand that fiscal policy affects the aggregate output and the prices of goods and services by actually affecting the aggregate demand. This happens because fiscal policies change the aggregate demand leading to changes in the aggregate supply, thus helping the economy in maintaining demand supply equilibrium. Further, it all depends upon the state of economy when the fiscal measures are taken by the government. If the economy is in the state of recession (i.e. there is continuous fall in the GDP of the economy over a period of time), fiscal expansion measure shall be undertaken by the government. A fiscal expansion measure shall provide people with employment opportunity and thus provide them with wages. The same shall be spent on purchasing of goods and services. This shall bring in money in the hands of entrepreneur and prompt him to kick start the production of goods and services due to the demand generated for the goods and services. Thus, there shall be an increase in the overall output of the economy or increase in GDP of the economy. If the economy is in the state of full employment level (i.e. all the people in the economy are employed and earning), this leads to the problem of excess supply of goods and services. The excess supply of goods leads to reduction in its price and thus a fall in investment. At this point of time, the fiscal policy will have more effect on prices and less impact on total output. A contractionary fiscal policy method shall be adopted which increase the amount of taxes on wages and services. This increase in taxes shall actually reduce the amount of disposable income in the hands of the people. Thus, there will be less spending on goods leading to reduction in aggregate demand for the commodity and thus reducing the aggregate supply as well. Fiscal responsibility is an important part of the government aim of seeing its economy grows over a period of time. Fiscal responsibility can only be achieved with judicious use of the fiscal tools available with the government. The same was realised by the US government when they had plunged into the subprime lending crisis. The main reason for the crisis was people obtaining loans from banks and locking their money in the real estate market. The real estate market was flourishing and people were hopeful of large gains leading to loan settlement. The banks also responded positively to the whole market scenario. Unfortunately, the real estate sector started becoming stagnant with people no longer interested in buying houses at such exorbitant prices. Within days, the real market sector stopped flourishing and in a matter of few weeks, people who had borrowed money from banks, declared themselves unable to repay the loans due to continuous loss. Several banks closed down due to the pr oblem of large NPA (Non-Performing Assets) accumulation and there was rampant unemployment. The situation turned such worse that government had to use its expansionary fiscal policy, in the form of providing bailout package to the banks for sustaining them during the crisis period. This gives us a clear example of the effectiveness of fiscal tools as an important measure to contain economic instability. A stable environment plays an important role in bringing economic growth. In order to achieve the stability, we need to understand the market forces, their mechanism and the factors hey react to. This makes the role of policymakers and the economists very critical. Their main work revolves around understanding the instability before it occurred and undertaking preventive measure to maintain stability. With the stability of the external and internal forces, brings back the confidence of people in their economic system, to invest their surplus in the market. With investments, the economic cycle starts moving leading to growth and welfare. Overall, the ability of fiscal policy to improve employment during recession and reduce the price levels during boom, leads to balanced economy in the short run. The automatic stabilizer tendency of the fiscal policy certainly makes it an effective tool for the government to manage short term instability in the economy. This means that the role of the government becomes essential as the proper use of the fiscal policies shall lead to stable economic growth of the economy. Bibliography Weil, D (2nd), The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics Fiscal Policy, Inflation Policies to control Inflation, Issing, O, Stability and Economic Growth: The Role of the Central Bank, 14th November 2014, Social Democracy for the 21st Century; A post Keynesian Perspective, May 2013, Guru, S, Importance of Fiscal Policy for Economic Stabilization (with diagram),

Should Children Be In Competive Sports At A Young Age Essays

Should Children be in Competive Sports at a young age? Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! Should Children be in Competive Sports at a young age? Many American parents struggle to answer the puzzling question of what the appropriate age children should start to participate in competitive sports. A subject like this is puzzling because there are many issues that must be addressed, because it is controversial. Some American parents push their children too far, too young. The average American child usually will start to participate actively in competitive sports between the ages of six and twelve and can be unhealthy to a child's development (CWG 131). The question at what age a child should start, has a different answer for each individual child. Parents often fail to realize that their child may not be physically ready for competitive sports, even though the child is ready. I believe that a child should participate in sports only if he is wanting too participate and is not pushed by their parents. Every parent has a different way of looking at, if their child is ready to start. If a six year little boy wanted to start playing football, the child may not be fully capable of handling such strength and tension that might cause a life long injury (Koppett 294). Some parents may think he is ready, but is probably not. Determining whether or not a child is ready for competitive sports can sometimes be difficult to answer, because to determine if they are ready a child must be mentally ready also. Sports not only take physical strength, but a child must have psychological capacity to get them through such strenuous activity. A child may sometimes become scared when participating in sports. For example, A mother of an eight-year-old Peewee Football player explained, "The kids get so scared. They get hit once and they don't want anything to do with football anymore. They'll sit on the bench and pretend their leg hurts..."(qtd. In Tosched A32). This quote is a true statement because if a six-year-old child is playing peewee football with an eight-year-old, the eight-year old is a lot bigger that the six year old is and he could cause physical hurt to the six-year-olds tiny body. The psychological part of the story would be that the child would be so scared that he might get hurt which causes physical hurt as well as mental hurt and may scar the child for the rest of their life, when that child could of been the next pro-football player of the next century. A child should not be competitive at an early age, they should be having fun and playing the sport in wanting to and not being pushed to do so. When I was younger, I participated on the swim team so I was introduced to Compton at the age of six. My parents never pushed me to do well, they always made sure that I was having fun and that it did not matter if I win or lose. I think every parent should understand, if their child is going to start competing at a young age, that the child is having fun and not getting criticized for their mistakes when they lose.

Definition and Examples of Vocabulary

Definition and Examples of Vocabulary Vocabulary refers to all the words of a language, or to the words used by a particular person or group. Also called  wordstock,  lexicon, and lexis. English has a stunningly bastard vocabulary, says linguist John McWhorter. Out of all of the words in the Oxford English Dictionary,...no less than ninetys and Observations below. Also see: Active Vocabulary and Passive VocabularyCommon Word RootsIntroduction to EtymologyLexical CompetenceLexicalizationLexicogrammar Vocabulary-Building Exercises and Quizzes Vocabulary Quiz #1: Defining Words in ContextVocabulary Quiz on the I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. EtymologyFrom the Latin, name Examples and Observations How many words are there in the English language?No easy answer is possible. In order to reach a credible total, there must be agreement about what to count as an item of vocabulary and also something physical to count or to serve as the basis for an estimate . . ..In effect, the overall vocabulary is beyond strict statistical assessment. Nonetheless, limited counts take place and serve useful ends, and some rough indications can be given about the overall vocabulary. The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) defines over 500,000 items described as words in a promotional press release. The average college, desk, or family dictionary defines over 100,000 such items. Specialist dictionaries contain vast lists of words and word-like items . . .. When printed material of this kind is taken into account, along with lists of geographical, zoological, botanical, and other usages, the crude but credible total for words and word-like forms in present-day English is somewhere over a billion items.( Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) Vocabulary AcquisitionBy age two, spoken vocabulary usually exceeds 200 words. . . . Three-year-olds have an active vocabulary of at least 2,000 words, and some have far more. By five, the figure is well over 4,000. The suggestion is that they are learning, on average, three or four new words a day.(David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2005)A Bastard VocabularyEnglish, probably more so than any language on earth, has a stunningly bastard vocabulary. Somewhere between 80 and 90 percent of all the words in the OED [Oxford English Dictionary] were born from other languages. Old English, lest we forget, was already an amalgam of Germanic tongues, Celtic, and Latin, with pinches of Scandinavian and Old French influence as well.(David Wolman, Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Tangled Story of English Spelling. Harper, 2010)The vocabulary of English is currently 70 to 80 percent composed of words of Greek and Latin origin, but it is certainly not a Romance language, it is a Germanic one. Evidence of this may be found in the fact that it is quite easy to create a sentence without words of Latin origin, but pretty much impossible to make one that has no words from Old English.(Ammon Shea, Bad English: A History of Linguistic Aggravation. Pergee, 2014) Canadian English VocabularyTo summarize the comparative status of the vocabulary of Canadian English, it may be said that, where British and American English differ, Canadian English inclines usually toward American forms; that the language brought by American and British settlers was transferred to Canada largely intact, without a significant degree of differentiation caused by contact with Canadian Aboriginal languages (or with French); and that the number of true Canadianisms, which is to say Canadian words for things that have other names in other dialects, is small, but nonetheless adequate for asserting the status of Canadian English as an identifiable dialect at the lexical levela distinct type of North American English.(Charles Boberg, The English Language in Canada: Status, History and Comparative Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 2010)British English and American English[T]here is a much greater number of American words and expressions in British English than vice versa . The much stronger flow of borrowing seems to go from American to British. Moreover, in general speakers of British English appear to know more Americanisms than speakers of American English know British words and expressions.(Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, American English: An Introduction. Broadview Press, 2000) Scottish EnglishThe official and usual literary language of Scotland has for three centuries been Standard Englishpronounced, though, with a Scottish accent and retaining a few Scotticisms in vocabulary. This Scottish English co-exists with Scots in an accent and traditional-dialect set-up comparable with that found in the north of England . . ..(John Christopher Wells, Accents of English: The British Isles. Cambridge University Press, 1986)Australian EnglishAustralian English is particularly interesting for its rich store of highly colloquial words and expressions. Australian colloquialisms often involve shortening a word. Sometimes the ending -ie or -o is then added, e.g. a truckie is a truck or lorry-driver and a milko delivers the milk; beaut, short for beautiful means great and biggie is a big one. Oz is short for Australia and Aussie is an Australian.(Michael McCarthy and Felicity ODell, English Vocabulary in Use: Upper-Intermediate, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001) The Lighter Side of VocabularyEd Miller: I was with a girl once. Wasnt a squaw, but she was purty. She had yellow hair, like, uh . . . oh, like something.Dick Liddil: Like hair bobbed from a ray of sunlight?Ed Miller: Yeah, yeah. Like that. Boy, you talk good.Dick Liddil: You can hide things in vocabulary.(Garret Dillahunt and Paul Schneider in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, 2007) Pronunciation: vo-KAB-ye-lar-ee

Business Information Systems (tesco's data processing and networks) Essay

Business Information Systems (tesco's data processing and networks) - Essay Example Tesco’s information systems can be studied from different angles. We shall focus on studying them from the functionality aspect. Let us analyze one of the critical components of Tesco’s Information Systems, the Supply Chain Management System. Tesco is well known for its best practices in Supply Chain Management, which includes â€Å"lean management† and using RFID technology. The key strategy behind maintaining advantage over its competitors has been innovation in the supply chain. Tesco has aimed to innovate at each point of its supply chain. This includes point of sales management, continuous replenishment system, cross dock distribution centers and use of a single vehicle to distribute to several stores (ICMR n.d.). The Continuous replenishment system is a key component in Tesco’s Supply Chain system. The application monitors and controls the inventory in real time at all stores. This provides with real time data to analyze and take important decisions. This modernized application is of unique type and has been deployed in all of Tesco’s data centers across the world. Having a common operating model across all centers around the world, Tesco saves a lot of cost in deployment and maintenance of systems. A company called Micro Focus modernized and extended Tesco’s Continuous Replenishment (CR) application to operate on the latest IBM System p servers and AIX Unix (Computing 2007). MIS system at Tesco is another component of the overall information system of Tesco. After achieving massive growth and expansion, Tesco came up with the idea of developing a single Management Information System (MIS) to fulfill both local and global data reporting requirements. The aim of the MIS is to spread out the key practices and performance indicators at all locations and provide business insight at each store irrespective of the size or maturity of

Cubans in Miami Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cubans in Miami - Research Paper Example In addition to this, the Cuban community is characterized by the low fertility levels due to their demographic structure. The reasons for their high social and economic status are first and foremost that women are in income generation activities more than the men. In addition, the Cuban was characterized by the presence of a strong ethnic closed society. Finally, the Cuban society was involved with post-revolutionary activities which helped them to fight for better living standards. The Cuban people are to have a strong cultural system. However, due to the differences and the way of life in the United of America, they have adjusted their values and beliefs and they have been to the American society. Several studies have suggested that about 1 million of the American population are of Cuban origin. More accurate data from the United States Bureau of Census conducted at about 1980 revealed that about 803,226 of the American population were associated with the Cuban descent, and this number of Cuban origin people is to have increased over the years (Lisandro129). The immigration of Cubans to America has always been linked to economic situations and political events on the island. Before the American government helped in ending the Spanish rule on the island in 1899, the northern Cuban neighbor had played a considerable role in Cuba’s economic and political issues. As the involvement of the US government intensified during the 19th and 20th centuries, the United States of America had become a preferred place of settlement for Cuban emigrants who have succeeded to get powerful positions in the financial, intellectual and political landscapes in the United States (L. Glenn 31). As statistics depict, the number of Cuban immigrants before 1885 was relatively low. However, about five years later, the number of Cuban immigrants to United States of America has more than tripled. New heights of immigration of Cubans were reached between 1897 and 1910 which is a

Fiscal Policy Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fiscal Policy Simulation - Essay Example In 2008, however, as the economy continues to expand, inflation has surged up to 10.05%. A very high figure from the previous years, to address the inflation is the major aim of the government. In order to address the inflation, the government has adopted a contractionary fiscal policy, which entails decrease in expenditure for infrastructure of 600 million, decrease in spending in the educational programs, and decrease in the income tax rate. The effects of these changes include a taming of the inflation rate, down to 5.30%. However, as what economics is about, there is always a tradeoff—because of the decrease spending, unemployment rate increases from 3.53% to 4.35%. Lastly, real GDP decreases from 42.00 billion to 41.32 billion in 2008. In 2009, as the economy continues to approach its potential output, inflation continues to be beyond the acceptable level. In order to curb down inflation and bring it down, the government has to adopt contractionary policy by decreasing spending in educational programs by 400 million. This change lowers real GDP from 42.00 billion to 41.35 billion. This aims to curb down inflation rate from 42.00 billion to 41.35 billion. However, due to decrease in spending, unemployment is expected to increase from 3.53% to 4.32%. b. Erehwon’s marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, which means that for every dollar the consumers receive, 0.8 cents are spent. Given this, the multiplier of the economy is computed by using the formula 1/1-mpc. With a computed mutliplier of five, for every change in the components of aggregate demand, the overall economy expands five times. Let us examine the first situation. In the first situation, the government spending for infrastrucue is 300 million, and 100 million for educational program. This increases the aggregate demand not by 400 million, but by the increase multiplied by the

Motivation Through Monetary And Non Monetary Benefits

Motivation Through Monetary And Non Monetary Benefits ? The main Objective of this research is to determine either the monetary benefits or non-monetary benefits have great impact on motivation. ? Through what ways increase employee s interest towards job and their motivation towards organizational goals. ? Decide the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance organizational performance. ? To find out whether Pay dissatisfaction has numerous undesirable consequences or not and see how pay satisfaction increases organizational commitment ? Also look into a matter that how status is more important than money and why motivate employees towards the organizational goal is possible by assigning them good status. Article 1 Ignacio Falgueras Sorauren. (2000). Non-Monetary Incentives: Do People Work Only for Money, Vol. 10, No. 4. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3857840 Mr. Ignacio Falgueras Sorauren conducted this research in 2000 in which he investigates the problem related to motivation in organizations. Actually this problem occurs when people tend to follow their own interests rather than firm s common goals. Primarily author try to address this problem by giving them some economic proposals but the study showed that economic proposal doesn t decrease conflict of interest and not able the people to purse firm s common goal rather than follow their personal interest. These economic proposals further create more problems but after that researcher through thorough study reveals that non-monetary incentives are most important to motivate people towards organizational goals because money is not the solution of every problem. As you can find lot of variables in this article, but with respect to my topic Motivation through monetary and non-monetary benefits help me to identify the dependent variable as organizational goal and independent variable is Employees interest towards job and their motivation towards organizational goals . So it shows that organizational goal is dependent on employee s interest towards job and their motivation towards organizational goals through some non-monetary incentives. Apart from monetary benefits there is a strong need of non-monetary benefits to purse employees towards firm common goals. Some non-monetary benefits include making job challenging and interesting so in this way they know what they are doing and produce positive results for the organization. In order to make job interesting and challenging money would not always play a big role because money is neither the motivator nor the major one. Researchers reveal that most of the time money leads to conflict of interest and the most important opposition of money is its incapability to reduce the conflict of interests born in any organization. So organization needs to set a common goal communicated with their employees, thus enables them to bring unity among their employees and in this way conflict problem has also resolve. Non-monetary incentive in shape of communicating organizational goal and setting targets for the team, make the employees to work for organizational interests rather than pe rsonal interest. This article is extremely relevant to my topic which helps me to understand that non-monetary incentives have great role to play for the achievement of organizational goals. Through these incentives inject motivation in employees to prefer organizational goals over their personal interest. Along with that the best way to motivate people is treating them as human beings because it is really essential to consider all human aspects to gain excellent results. Article 2 Judy Cameron., W. David Pierce. (1994). Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis, Vol. 64, No. 3. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1170677 Two Researchers Judy Cameron and W. David Pierce wrote a research paper titled as Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis in 1994 to examine the effects of reinforcement and reward on intrinsic motivation. So in this paper they have conducted 96 experimental studies from different groups to compare rewards and non-rewards effect on intrinsic motivation. In this article I found Intrinsic Motivation as dependent variable, whereas reinforcement and rewards are independent variables. Thus, it shows that in order to bring intrinsic motivation there is need to be some good reinforcement and rewards. As I mentioned above they conducted 96 experiments and the results showed that reward does not decrease intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that comes from inside the person and he gets pleasure while doing job or performing any particular task. When researcher scrutinizes the communication process he finds out that intrinsic motivation can increase through verbal praise. The reward is given to an employee on the completion of the task and it has an insignificant negative effect on intrinsic motivation as measured by the amount of time spent on the task. Because that person is self motivated so there is no need to give any rewards to that person but on the other way around concentration of employee s increases towards there job and they try to do the same task in shorter span of time and also in this way bring the efficiency in their work and higher intrinsic motivation. They further conducted five more studies about reinforcement and results reveal that rein forcement does not effect any individual intrinsic motivation. So it shows that you can reinforce your employee regarding the completion of job and that will not hurt their intrinsic motivation. In the end article leave us with one question it is not clear yet what effect reinforcement or reward have on intrinsic motivation. They consider some studies have opposing trend and not relevant because of outside of the researcher paradigm. This article is highly relevant to my study on motivation through monetary and non-monetary benefits. As intrinsic motivation does not increase when employee gets a reward but some times brings efficiency. Whereas reinforcement does not hurt employees intrinsic motivation so intrinsic motivation has a mix trend with respect to benefits. Article 3 Scott Jeffery. The Benefits of Tangible Non-monetary incentives, Retrieved from http://www.businessgroupinc.com/PDFs/The%20Benefits%20of%20Tangible%20Non%20Monetary%20Incentives.pdf Mr. Scott Jeffery the writer of the article which is titled as The Benefits of Tangible Non-monetary incentives talks about that some tangible non-monetary benefits are much more motivational for employees as compare to monetary incentives. And by doing that we can bring better reward system through which the organization easily gains their desired Objectives. One thing we have to keep in mind that in order to increase more performance, non-monetary incentive must be equal or greater than cash incentives because if you provide lower value non-monetary incentives that might be not as effective as high value cash incentives. In this important article I establish tangible non-monetary incentives as independent variable where as motivation is our dependent variable. Therefore motivation in employees is depending on your independent variable non-monetary incentives and this statement sounds true because there is high probability of bringing motivation in employee s trough non-monetary benefits. There are some very important points discussed in this article like, nowadays organizations use very small amount of tangible non-monetary benefits which are very small percentage of total employee compensation. In this research researcher discussed some explanations through which we get an idea that nowadays firms are not using this kind of incentives. Psychological process which increased motivational power of tangible non-monetary incentives is both emotional and cognitive (involves mental process). As you get to know about the power of tangible non-monetary benefits and when these two different cognitive and emotional processes gets together this mean that they toil together in decision making. Justifiability is cognitive because people have to consider the difficulty they have face in order to justify the purchase of tangible non-monetary benefits. On the other way around the nature of these justifiability concerns are more effective. The writer mentioned in this article that th e prize which is earned on the basis of good performance makes an employee to think about his achievement, consider as a cognitive process and even have a higher utility when other people get to know about your achievement. So, it shows that motivation or organizational goals are our dependent variables, whereas non-monetary incentives are independent. So I can conclude the article by saying that tangible non-monetary incentives boost employee motivation and has the ability to improve the efficiency of the organization. The article is highly relevant to my research which helps me to understand the role of emotional Psychology in order to motivate employees and how it enables the organization to achieve their desire goals. Article 4 Rizwan Saleem. (2005). A study on the effect of monetary Benefits (pay) and work motivation on job satisfaction. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1529064 Mr. Rizwan Saleem from Mohammad Ali Jinnah University in 2005 wrote a research paper titled as A study on the effect of monetary Benefits (pay) and work motivation on job satisfaction . This study is conducted from the banking sector with respect to understand the effect of pay and work motivation on job satisfaction. For that they done exploratory research by developing the questionnaire in order to measure the level of pay, work motivation, and job satisfaction as well as achieve the effect of pay and work motivation on job satisfaction. In this article I discover dependent variable as Job satisfaction where as monetary benefits and work motivation is our independent variables. This means that job satisfaction is depending upon monetary benefits that employee is getting and along with that how well the employee is motivated towards the job. So the combination of both helps to achieve Job satisfaction for an employee. As the study showed about the psychology of human mind regarding job satisfaction is that person is self motivated to do that job or task and gets pleasure while doing that job. The rule of the thumb is that the more satisfied the employee, the higher the organizational performance. Further research reveals that there is a difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In this article intrinsic motivation is defined as the motivation to perform an activity in order to experience the pleasure inherent in the activity. The cognitive evaluation theory says that rewards interpret an employee s competence and determine their intrinsic motivation. In this article we conclude that pay is independent variable and job satisfaction is depending upon it. Facts reveal that extrinsic incentives often crowd out intrinsic motivation which then reduces discretionary effort of workers. Research has revealed that motivation has different intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. According to Deci, Connell, Ryan intrinsic motivation can be defined as the motivation to perform an activity for it, in order to experience the pleasure and satisfaction inherent in the activity. According to cognitive evaluation theory and self determination theory it is rewards that are interpreted as information about one s competence and satisfy individuals need for autonomy, will enhance intrinsic motivation. In this article we conclude that pay is independent variable and job satisfaction is depending upon it. According to experiential facts, extrinsic incentives often crowd out intrinsic motivation which in turn reduces discretionary effort of workers. Researcher also found that overall the employees were satisfied with their jobs and have their interest in their job. By employing these two independent variables showed that job satisfaction comes automatically and study also proves that i n this way employees were more motivated to work for the organization. This article is relevant to my study in a sense that how motivation along with monetary benefits creates job satisfaction for an employee. It helps me to understand that monetary benefits also play a vital role in order to motivate employees and enhance their job performance. Article 5 Thomas Li-Ping Tang., Randy K. Chiu. (2003). Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees?, Vol. 46, No. 1. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25075086 Mr. Thomas Li-Ping Tang and Mr. Randy K. Chiu in 2003 through empirical study come up with a research titled as Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees? . The research scrutinize a model involving income, the love of money, pay satisfaction, organizational commitment, job changes, and unethical behavior among 211 full-time employees in Hong Kong, China. In this article I found Organizational commitment as a dependent variable whereas pay satisfaction monetary benefits and love of money are independent variables. So pay satisfaction and good monetary benefits enable the employees to meet the organizational commitment. The study shows quite a few relation between important variables, to mention a few important ones it showed that love of money was negatively related to income and pay satisfaction and the love of money was also negatively related to ethical behavior which means that if you have a strong love for money you cannot easily resist unethical behavior. Pay satisfaction was positively related to organizational commitment. These relations show that income or money is not the cause of evil but the lust for money is the root to all unethical behavior within an organization. It has been highlighted in the article that the findings of this research shouldn t be interpreted that money is an evil as money itself is a key motivator for employees. There has been an increase regarding the importance of money as a career goal.Pay dissatisfaction has numerous undesirable consequences, e.g., turnover, theft, workplace deviance, and unethical behaviors in organizations and might have direct impact on com pany s strategic decisions and image. So there is need to provide good pay and monetary benefits to your employees in order to get the desired objectives. This article is related to my topic in a sense that by providing good monetary benefits to your employees, you eliminate the negative consequences such as high turnover, theft and dissatisfaction this further help them to meet the organizational commitment. Article 6 Hoimonti Ganguly. (Oct., 1974). Role of Status and Money as Motivators among Middle viromnmManagement, Vol. 10, No. 2. Retrieved by http://www.jstor.org/stable/27765445 Ganguly has conducted a research on the relative importance of Money and status on the motivation level of the middle managers of an organization. The study aimed at measuring the effect of both money and status separately on the commitment level of the employees and then to see which one is more important. Research revealed that status plays a more important role than money for middle managers and this is explained by the fact that the lower-end needs of the middle managers are reasonably fulfilled thus their satisfaction from the job will increase more if their status is improved as compared to the same increase in monetary reward. Money and most importantly Status are the independent variables of the research and the dependent variable is the motivation of managers towards the organizational goals. It has been observed that the correlation between status and motivation is particularly strong in case of middle managers. So it shows that in order to achieve organizational goals and motivate people towards their assigned task, there need to give them a status or position in the company that status is going to be self motivator. It has been further observed that the findings of this research hold true across all the stratifying variables like age, income, experience and qualification thereby strengthening the credibility of the research. The research also shows that younger managers are particularly sensitive to status. Managements that are trying to raise the motivation of its employees towards the organization goals should try to cultivate a corporate culture that meets the managerial needs of status. The research was further taken to define the different components of status and it was revealed that intrinsic factors like power, self-esteem, and self-actualization were important in defining status, rather than extrinsic incentives such as fringe benefits and white-collar work. Another important thing that should not be overlooked is that that status is to a great extent defined by the type of work assigned, task performed and result achieved. It has been suggested that linking status with performance tend s to improve motivation greatly. This article supports my topic in a way that motivation of middle level managers is not only depending upon the monetary and non-monetary incentives but also depend upon the higher status which is one of the non monetary reward. However it s crucial to take into consideration the different components of status which may vary from organization to organization. Article 7 S. K. Bhatia. (Jan., 1985). Job Motivation of Executives: An Empirical Study, Vol. 20, No.3. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27768826 Increased motivation of the executives of an organization is very essential for its success not only because they make all the strategic decisions for the firm but also because of the fact that they influence and motivate all the employees working under them. S.k.Bhatia conducted empirical research on the job motivation of the executives. In the study he has aimed to identify a wide variety of factors that affects the motivation level of the executive and the importance they attach to these factors. He has conducted the research by primarily using surveys as his research tool. The article highlighted that monetary benefits, better job security, good working environment, job content, recognition, work-itself, responsibility, opportunity for growth and advancement and sense of achievement are significant factors that should be considered while making policies to increase motivation for the executives. I t has been observed that job content plays a very significant role in determining the level of satisfaction. Majority of employees who find their work duties boring and not contributing towards their advancement tend to have lower levels of motivation where as the ones who were satisfied with their job content directly derived job motivation and were more than willing to bend their energies for organization s benefit. Apart from the job content majority of the respondents answered that a positive perception of the executives is really important. Positive perception was a factor that was further researched upon by Bhatia and it was revealed that it encompasses a wide variety of factors, some of them that the employees mentioned were recognition, responsibility, opportunity for growth, work-itself, advancement, sense of doing good for the society and a sense of achievement. In this article Perception of the job is considered as a very vital factor controlling and defining the motivation of the executives thus in this empirical study it is taken as an independent variable which is determined by a wide variety of factors and vary from person to person and the variable that is dependent upon the perception of the employee is the job motivation. This means if the person changes his perception about their job and particularly if it changes in positive manner than organization performance definitely increases. Perception of the job is considered as the most significant psychological factors identified by all the Motivational theories. The findings of the research make it imperative to lay emphasis on intrinsic motivating factors identified by Herzberg in his two-factor theory. Along with that there is the marked difference in the degree of perception of executives belonging to three categories (i.e. first level, second level and middle level and above).The general trend is that higher the category of executives, the better the degree of perception of job and consequently the higher level of motivation. A large majority of executives are willing to shoulder greater level of responsibility showing their positive attitude towards the job. In the same way a large percentage of the survey population responded that they do not experience stagnation in their jobs and thus get enough opportunities for advancement in their careers which meet their need of self actualization. However on the other end of the spectrum are some respondents who said that they are over burdened and experience less opportunities for growth and advancement. Some first level executives complain that they need more training courses to improve their abilities. The executives have given useful and practical suggestions for bringing about an overall improvement in their job performance and functioning of the respective departments. Article 8 Harvey S. James, Jr. (2003). Why Does the Introduction of Monetary Compensation Produce A Reduction in Performance? Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=481942 Mr. Harvey S. James conducted the research in 2003through which he tries to find the answer of the question that why monetary benefits lead to decrease in performance. Through his observational study he revealed that extrinsic incentives usually crowds out intrinsic motivation. This article demonstrates that how the increase in monetary incentives starts displacing intrinsic motivation to act in the interest of principal. And basically they found out that the motivation of the person distracted when his intrinsic motivation is attacked by extrinsic incentives and in this way his preferences, objectives diverted towards incentives. In this article intrinsic motivation is our independent variable whereas explicit incentives is a dependent variable. It is observed that lot of people want to work without explicit incentives and when you increase their monetary benefits it will lead to decline in their effort. This change of effort takes place because now his motivation towards work is dependent upon extrinsic incentives e.g. lot of employees are interested towards certain job but there is a prize for one, then each and every one of them try to dominate each other and start working for personal interest rather than organizational interest. This decline in responsibility shows that there is a tradeoff people face either by intrinsically satisfied at a higher cost or get extrinsic satisfaction from being compensated. But on the other way around when the people have strong intrinsic motivation then it becomes difficult for explicit incentives to crowd out intrinsic motivation of people. Further he explains that teaching uncritically to workers in the interest of organization; incentives are also align if the workers work according to organization interest and such thing might be lead to counterproductive.Murdock s in 2002 through its analysis revealed that incentive contracts and intrinsic motivation are complementary because focusing on healthy work ethics rather than organization interest is followed by most of the organizations these days but on the other way around by giving these incentives increase the intrinsic motivation. And the major cause behind these kinds of incentives is to increase organizational efficiency and to produce the best result for the organization. This article is highly relevant to my study through which I come to know that the basic purpose of incentives is to employee s motivation towards organizational goals but most of the time it proves wrong for highly intrinsic motivated people, on the other way around author says that sometimes extrinsic incentives don t crowd out intrinsic motivation as well. Article 9 Dan Ariely, Anat Bracha, Stephan Meier. Doing Good or Doing Well? Image Motivation and Monetary Incentives in Behaving Prosocially. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1010620 This article titled as Doing Good or Doing Well? Image Motivation and Monetary Incentives in Behaving Prosocially written by Dan Ariely, Anat Bracha and Stephan Meier. This paper scrutinize image motivation in which the focus is to be liked by others and treated well regarded, in their eyes. Prosocial behavior (doing good) is one of their drivers. Also determine whether extrinsic monetary benefits (doing well) have unfavorable effect on Prosocial behavior because of crowding out of image motivation. According to definition image is the presentation of ones behavior to other people. So this exclusive property showed that image is most important part of motivation to behave prosocially. Research also showed that when extrinsic motivation relate with image motivation then it is less effective in public than in private. I derive Motivation and extrinsic motivation as dependent variable whereas monetary incentives and behaving prosocially are dependent variable. It is revealed in the study that motivation is crowded out by monetary incentives which illustrates that monetary incentives are counterproductive for public prosocial activities as compare to private one. Through exploratory research researcher finds out that there hypothesis supports them because monetary incentives severely depends on visibility, monetary incentives are much more effective helping them privately rather than publicly Prosocial activities. As we know extrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from outside of an individual and other way around people wants to be seen doing good without extrinsic incentives, these people want to be respected in the eyes of other people, they want other people to appreciates them and to consider them they are doing good job. But with extrinsic incentives there motive to work well deteriorates because extrinsic incentives makes them work for money or some other factors but they don t want people to consider that they are doing well . so in this way they are not get effective and their image value decreases. The signaling element of a product greatly influences its purchase thus if the government gives a subsidy on a particular technology that is environment friendly then the fact that whether the particular product is a publicly used product or not will greatly influence the buyers motivation to buy the product. The purchase of the environment friendly technology will confuse the buyer that how does his purchased is viewed by the public, is that made because the buyer is genuinely concerned about the environment or is it just to avail the tax benefit or is it bought just to create an image that you are a responsible citizen. Thus the government should carefully consider all its policies and should take into account the unintentional damage to signaling that their policy results in. Another option for providing the extrinsic incentive is to provide it without making it public, it will give the same effect as if the extrinsic incentive does not exists. This could be further elaborated by using the example that most of the donors for social causes do not make their identity public so that the signaling effect does not crowd outs their true cause. To conclude it is better to have less extrinsic incentives for visible Prosocial activities so that these incentives do not erode the moral aspect. This article is highly relevant to my study which gives me further knowledge about the effect of extrinsic incentives on motivation and if the person is not extrinsically motivated he wants to appreciate and considered that he is doing a good job. So different people is motivated through different ways. Article 10 Andrew Ballentine., Nora McKenzie., Allen Wysocki., Karl Kepner. The Role of Monetary and Non-Monetary Incentives in the Workplace as Influenced by Career Stage. Retrieved from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr016 This article titled as The Role of Monetary and Non-Monetary Incentives in the Workplace as Influenced by Career Stage written by Andrew Ballentine, Nora McKenzie, Allen Wysocki and Karl Kepner. In the corporate environment manager these days constantly trying to create strong motivational environment in the organization through which all the workforce work towards the organizational goal together. For that they use monetary and non-monetary benefits to motivate them in workplace. There can be diverse kinds of monetary benefits which have a similar impact on associates. An example could be a mutual fund is one of monetary benefits provided through company insurance program or pension plans. Different people in an organization has different needs and there are different incentives for the employee of different age group. Nowadays organizations are replacing their traditional motivational incentives to newer ones according to the needs of younger generation. Along with that article also states that there are different monetary and non-monetary benefits at each stage of employee career e.g. a nature of an incentive is different for higher management of organization hierarchy as compare to lower level management. So I derive dependent variable as motivation, interest, and job satisfaction whereas career stage and Generation in which you born are Independent variables in this article. The basic reason of monetary benefit is to reward the employee s for excellent performance in their job by giving them money. Profit sharing, stock options, project bonuses and warrants are some types of monetary incentives. On the other way around the rationale behind non-monetary incentives is to reward the employees for excellent performance in their job by giving them opportunities. Flexible work hours, pleasant work environment and training are some of the examples of non-monetary benefits. Furthermore author also revealed that monetary and non-monetary incentives differ in the efficiency, functions and correctness depending upon the nature of incentive. Another researcher Alfie Kohn in 1993 presents his point of view that monetary incentives encourage Obedience to the work in an organization rather than risk-taking approach because most rewards are given on the basis of performance and people don t want to take risk their jobs. So in this way employees are not encouraged from being creative in work place. One of the most important aspects of the study is desired monetary incentives differ from career stage of employee and also from which generation he belongs to. Survey conducted by American Association of Retired Persons has shown that retired people are motivated to work for flexible schedules, part time hours, and temporary employment and they are known as Mature workers who were born between 1930 and 1945. Whereas baby boomers those who were born between 1946 to 1963 wants retirement planning , flexible retirement options, sabbaticals and job training as their non-monetary incentives. Further the next generation Generation X ers those who were born between 1964 and 1981 like flexible work schedule, professional development, feedback, tangible rewards and work environment as their non-monetary incentives. And Generation Y ers those who were born after 1982 wants flexible work schedules, professional development, feedback, tangible rewards and work environ

The Importance of Music Education Essay -- Music

Music, an extremely broad concept, is playing an increasingly vital role in the modern society, and most people today are experiencing music subconsciously. For instance, when walking in the street, not only will we see people listening to their music through all kinds of portable music players, but also hear people humming their favorite songs. When nightfall comes, young people usually go to concerts, whereas middle-aged people tend to choose symphony and opera. All the things mentioned above seem like nothing but entertainment. Does music exist just to please people? Apparently, the answer is no. In fact, music also brings people many significant benefits. Hence, music education is crucial to us, especially in our early development, and it should be a part of every child’s education. I think that music education can bring three benefits to us: enhance children’s memory, enrich their imagination, and improve academic performance. Human beings begin to learn many basic skills in order to survive after they are born. This requires people to grasp strong, stable, and rapid memory skills. Hence, babies’ expanding ability to memorize is an indispensable part of their cognitive development. Research shows that the development of memory in children becomes apparent within the first 2 to 3 years of a child’s life as they show significant advances in memory, and this enhancement continues into adolescence (Siegler). Therefore, we need to find out a way to help children develop appropriate memory skills. Music education is a terrific choice, and scientists do have evidence to support the hypothesis that music can improve human memory skills. Based on the findings of a study led by Dr. Agnes Chan, a psychologist at Chinese University of ... ...org/pdf/music-training-improves-verbal-but-not-visual-memory-cross-sectional-and- longitudinal-explorations-in-children> Graziano, A.B., Peterson M., and Shaw G.L. "Enhanced learning of proportional math through music training and spatial-temporal training." Neurological Research 21.Web. 15 Mar. 2012.139-152. Web. Siegler, R. S. (1998). Children's Thinking. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Electronic book. â€Å"Sound.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2012 The College Board. Profile of College-Bound Seniors National Report for 2000, 2001, and 2002. Web. Yeung, Ka-ching. â€Å"The Mozart Effect.† n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Notes/The%20Mozart%20Effect.htm>

History Genocide Alert in Sudan Essay

Recently, newspapers and journals discussed the plight of the millions of people of Sudan as there has been the government sponsored genocide. This victimization of a few people has been discussed in the press as well as in the various websites. These various forums have condemned the atrocities committed against the innocent people. Hence, at different levels one can find the call for alert regarding the indiscriminate killing of large number of the people in Sudan. The Sudanese government has indirectly and sometimes directly sponsored the atrocities committed against the civilians. The government has encouraged the local militias to loot, murder and rape the innocent people in the southern region of Sudan. They have attacked the churches, buildings providing relief to the victims, and the market places. Ethnic and tribal warfare in the southern Sudan has been encouraged in order the keep the south divided. The government has destroyed the food supplies which have led to the death of large number of people due to starvation. People are persecuted based on their race, ethnicity, and religion. The main reason for this atrocity is that these people have opposed the imposition of extreme form of Islamic law. The government has been persecuting non Islamic and non Arabic people in an attempt to destroy those people who were politically opposed to the plans of the government. An important reason for this persecution is the attempt to control the oil fields which have been owned by the victims of the genocide atrocities. In fact, after the government signed agreements with the foreign oil companies, the atrocities against the civilians have increased. The government has used all the armaments and military vehicles to destroy the villages and areas inhabited by those people who opposed the government policies. Consequently, many civilians have been forced to leave their land as their villages, lands, churches, and schools have been destroyed due to the bombings. This government attempt to clear these lands has been termed as â€Å"scorched earth strategy†. (Survivors’ Rights International, 2001) However, the new settlements of displaced Sudanese have been earmarked for the future oil exploration which would imply that in the future the government may attack the people in this region. With the help of this genocide, the government has been able to multiply its oil revenues. However, a major part of this revenue has been spent on military machinery. Unfortunately, the government of Sudan believes that it can win the war with the help of oil money. This has led to killing of more than 2 million people. In addition to this, 4 million people have suffered internal displacement. Another 3 million people are facing starvation. In such a situation, international community including USA should pressurize the Sudanese government to stop its atrocities. (Survivors’ Rights International, 2001) The victims have argued that the government of Sudan has targeted the â€Å"blacks† as there is attempt to destroy the all the black population. This shows the racial and ethnic discrimination of the government actions. In the region of Darfur, even now thousands of people are dying due to the military attack and food shortage. This genocide has been noted by the US government agencies, international human rights bodies, and the United Nations. The displaced people are afraid of returning to their homeland because they are afraid of persecution. The Sudanese government has mainly attacked the Africans belonging to Fur, Zaghawa, and the Masaalit ethnic groups. The government sponsored militia is also termed as the Janjaweed who belong to the Arab tribes. Due to the ethnic wars, the civilians are suffering. This crisis has continued to bother the international human rights activists. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2005) Many international government and non-government organizations have established their associations to fight against the atrocities committed against the particular ethnic and racial component in Sudan. For instance, one can notice the establishment of Genocide Intervention Fund (GIF) which is a non government association of the civilians. GIF has supported the UN supported African Un ion Mission in Darfur. The main aim of this association is to support the peace keeping forces to protect the life of the innocent civilians in Darfur. In fact, African Union needs greater funding in order to manage the financial requirements to send the troops, supply food, and equipments to the peace keeping soldiers fighting for the lives of the people in Sudan. GIF has started the campaign to protect the lives of the Sudanese from the government attack. In fact, it aims to send 100000 letters to the government officials urging them to take action against the Sudanese government. This organization has requested the support of the government officials and civilians to raise $100000 to fight against the atrocities of the Sudanese government. The UNO has commissioned few committees to submit report regarding the nature of atrocities committed by the Sudanese government. In January 2005 International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur report was published. This report gave information regarding the recent developments in Darfur. This report can be used by the international agencies to take action against the government of Sudan. However, there is difference of opinion among the permanent members of the Security Council. The US government wants to create an ad hoc tribunal for Darfur. However this can delay action for many months. Further, Russia and China, which have strategic trade ties with Sudan, also halted the decisive action against the Sudanese government. However, the US senior officials have accepted that genocide is being committed in Sudan. In spite of this realization, international organizations are reluctant to take action against the government of Sudan. (Preventgenocide. org, 2005) In spite of the statistics available regarding the genocide in Sudan, media did not give much importance to these events. However, the film maker Jen Marlowe decided to present the human face of the disaster in Sudan. This film is given the title: â€Å"Darfur Diaries: Message from Home†. Marlowe visited Darfur and the refugee camps in the neighboring region of Chad. Marlowe obtained information by interviewing the victims of the government sponsored genocide. The filmmaker has discussed with the children regarding their sufferings. Marlowe considers that children are the most vulnerable groups in the society. Further, it is necessary to provide protection to the lives of large number of civilians who face the threat of losing their lives and properties due to the government policy. The attempt of Marlowe has succeeded in providing a human face of the genocide in Darfur. This has also showed the failure of the journalists to cover this topic as very few journalists have covered the story narrated by the refuges in Chad. (Ellis, 2005) Recently, attempts have been made to redress the grievances of the victims. However, most of these attempts have failed due to the increase in the intensity of the conflicts and the international organizations have failed provide aid to the victims. Ellis, 2005) I learnt from the above research that greatest importance should be given to protect the lives of millions of people in Darfur. To achieve this objective, the members of the international organizations such as UNO should take immediate action against the Sudanese government. Secondly, the associations should increase the funding to help the peacekeeping forces to provide aid to the victims of genocide in Darfur. The media also should give more coverage to the developments in Darfur.

Free Essays on Sexual Harassment

HOW TO HANDLE SEXUAL HARRASSMENT There are appropriate and inappropriate ways to handle sexual harassment. The wrong way is to blow a little circumstance into something big. If something someone is doing is bothering you then let them know. Do not accuse them of sexual harassment without even letting the person know that you are offended. Sometimes people do things that do not offend some people, but they offend you. Examples of this are when people make certain jokes or if people invade your personal space. This might be okay with certain people, but not with you. The best thing to do is to let someone know when situations are making you feel uncomfortable right away. There are three forms of communication that you can use. These are verbal, non-verbal, and written. Non-verbal communication is a very effective way to let someone know that they are acting unsuitably. This form of communication should be used before circumstances turn into harassment. If someone tells an inappropriate joke then you can give them a blank stare. That will let them know that you do not think that it is funny at all. A serious look on your face can also let them know that you do not think that it is funny. You can also use non-verbal communication if someone is getting too close to you and invading your personal space. In this instance simply taking a step back and raising your eyebrows might let the person know that they are behaving in a way that makes you uncomfortable. Non-verbal communication can be very effective in letting people know that they are not acting properly. You can use facial expressions and body language to get your point across. Most of the time using non-verbal communication will be sufficient to get your point across, however sometimes y ou will need to use other forms of communication to be heard. There are some instances where the situation needs to be addressed verbally. Sometimes people are afraid to verbally ... Free Essays on Sexual Harassment Free Essays on Sexual Harassment HOW TO HANDLE SEXUAL HARRASSMENT There are appropriate and inappropriate ways to handle sexual harassment. The wrong way is to blow a little circumstance into something big. If something someone is doing is bothering you then let them know. Do not accuse them of sexual harassment without even letting the person know that you are offended. Sometimes people do things that do not offend some people, but they offend you. Examples of this are when people make certain jokes or if people invade your personal space. This might be okay with certain people, but not with you. The best thing to do is to let someone know when situations are making you feel uncomfortable right away. There are three forms of communication that you can use. These are verbal, non-verbal, and written. Non-verbal communication is a very effective way to let someone know that they are acting unsuitably. This form of communication should be used before circumstances turn into harassment. If someone tells an inappropriate joke then you can give them a blank stare. That will let them know that you do not think that it is funny at all. A serious look on your face can also let them know that you do not think that it is funny. You can also use non-verbal communication if someone is getting too close to you and invading your personal space. In this instance simply taking a step back and raising your eyebrows might let the person know that they are behaving in a way that makes you uncomfortable. Non-verbal communication can be very effective in letting people know that they are not acting properly. You can use facial expressions and body language to get your point across. Most of the time using non-verbal communication will be sufficient to get your point across, however sometimes y ou will need to use other forms of communication to be heard. There are some instances where the situation needs to be addressed verbally. Sometimes people are afraid to verbally ... Free Essays on Sexual Harassment Despite widespread publicity about the perils of sexual harassment, surveys demonstrate that businesses operating in the United States have yet to address the problem. Moreover, recent news reports indicate the sexual harassment has reached the highest levels of management. Although businesses know it exists, they appear unsure of what to do about it. As a result, the spector of employer liability for sexual harassment continues to loom over the workplace. Failure to attempt to solve and to take a stand on this aggressive subject can result not only in costly lawsuits, but also in a loss of employee morale, decline in productivity, and an erosion of a company’s public image. This may prove costly because these risks have substantially increased in years. In 1991, Congress amended Title VII to permit victims of sexual harassment to recover damages (including punitive damages) under federal law. Moreover, in 1993 the U.S. Supreme Court broadened the reach of this law by making it easier to prove injury. As a result, sexual harassment in the workplace presents a clear and present danger to businesses. They must now take action or face increasing risk of liability. To play it smart, companies need to understand the whole issue of sexual harassment. They need to consider the disturbing statistics behind an often forgotten and hidden problem, the legal grounds available to victims, the current trends in the law, and the ways that companies can protect themselves. On-the-job sexual harassment is not a recent problem, although legal liability for it is. It’s a problem that is just shrugged off and forgotten about. Surveyed in Redbook magazine, a poll found that nine out of ten women have been subjected to unwanted sexual advances at work. In 1980, the federal government surveyed it’s own employees and found that forty-two percent of the women stated that they experienced some form of work-related sexual harassme... Free Essays on Sexual Harassment How Long will Sexual Harassment Remain a Hush-hush Affair? By Selamawit Seyoum Women at all levels of education and occupation endure humiliation and ordeal in the hands of men at work places. Many women live in a complete riddle why they are sexually harassed by their male counterparts even today, at the turn of the new millennium when enhanced efforts are being exerted to eliminate all forms of violence against women. In fact despite the enormity of the problem, sexual harassment has never been given due attention in this country. Some women approached by the Herald cited cases that harassment begins right from the day of interview for a job. That is the day when, they said, employers, especially in the private organizations, "remind" women that meeting their sexual advances is part of the job description. "When you go into the boss's offices for an interview, you can't escape those lusty eyes of his that run from the tip of your hair down to your toe assessing your sexual worthiness. That leaves you in a very uncomfortable situation. Your qualification for the job is not enough, the boss needs more. He makes it clear in his own way that you will have to accept his invitation for a date if your really want the job," Simret Tesfaye said while explaining her personal experience with a couple of employers. There are women workers who live in traumata due to sexual abuses. They are confronted with hard choices either to succumb to the sexual advances or give up their jobs. Mekdes Ye*censored*ila, in her twenties, who had been working in a private company explained that the owner of the company forwarded sexual demands following repeated invitations for lunch and dinner which she never accepted. She said, "I did not quit my job the first time he asked me to go out with him. I told him right to his face that he was a married man with a kid and should behave accordingly. However, that did not deter him...